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Short-term Forecasting of Total Solar Irradiance from Solar Disk Images: A Hybrid Unsupervised Deep Learning Approach

Authors: Idowu Raji, Rafael Duarte Coelho dos Santos, Luis Eduardo Antunes Vieira, Alejandro C. Frery, Franciele Carlesso, Adriany Rodrigues Barbosa

Idowu Raji et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 286 .

Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 8.

Representative 24 hr TSI forecasts over the test period (2013 April 25–July 15): the proposed SOM–AE–LSTM (a), the best-performing SOM–LSTM (b), and the persistence baseline (c). 24 hr is the longest horizon at which all SOM-based models retain strong skill (R² > 74%; Table 4). SOM–LSTM tracks the observed short-term fluctuations more closely than SOM–AE–LSTM, visualizing result (iii).

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