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Short-term Forecasting of Total Solar Irradiance from Solar Disk Images: A Hybrid Unsupervised Deep Learning Approach

  • Authors: Idowu Raji, Rafael Duarte Coelho dos Santos, Luis Eduardo Antunes Vieira, Alejandro C. Frery, Franciele Carlesso, Adriany Rodrigues Barbosa

Idowu Raji et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 286 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 7.

Training (blue) and validation (orange) loss curves at the 6 hr horizon for the four model variants. All converge within 80–100 epochs with validation loss tracking training loss, indicating no overfitting. Curves for the remaining horizons are given in the Appendix.

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