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Short-term Forecasting of Total Solar Irradiance from Solar Disk Images: A Hybrid Unsupervised Deep Learning Approach

  • Authors: Idowu Raji, Rafael Duarte Coelho dos Santos, Luis Eduardo Antunes Vieira, Alejandro C. Frery, Franciele Carlesso, Adriany Rodrigues Barbosa

Idowu Raji et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 286 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 9.

Representative 72 hr TSI forecasts over the test period: the proposed SOM–AE–LSTM (a), SOM–LSTM (b), and persistence (c). Note that 72 hr is the only horizon at which the full SOM–AE–LSTM is the best of the four variants (result (iv)). At this horizon, all models explain little of the observed variance (R2 < 0 for all), and the comparison is one of relative error magnitude rather than predictive skill.

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