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Short-term Forecasting of Total Solar Irradiance from Solar Disk Images: A Hybrid Unsupervised Deep Learning Approach

  • Authors: Idowu Raji, Rafael Duarte Coelho dos Santos, Luis Eduardo Antunes Vieira, Alejandro C. Frery, Franciele Carlesso, Adriany Rodrigues Barbosa

Idowu Raji et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 286 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 5.

Original SOM cluster-index maps (left) and convolutional AE reconstructions (right) for five representative training frames. The close visual agreement confirms that the 32-dimensional global-average-pooled descriptor zt retains the dominant spatial structure of the cluster-index map while suppressing noise, validating the adequacy of the bottleneck compression for the subsequent temporal modeling stage.

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