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Short-term Forecasting of Total Solar Irradiance from Solar Disk Images: A Hybrid Unsupervised Deep Learning Approach

  • Authors: Idowu Raji, Rafael Duarte Coelho dos Santos, Luis Eduardo Antunes Vieira, Alejandro C. Frery, Franciele Carlesso, Adriany Rodrigues Barbosa

Idowu Raji et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 286 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 10.

Top: SOM–AE–LSTM 24 hr forecast (red dashed) against observed TIM/SORCE TSI (black), with SATIRE-S and EMPIRE daily reconstructions overlaid, test period 25 April–15 July 2013. Bottom: observed vs. modeled scatter for each. The machine learning forecast operates at 6 hourly cadence; the physical reconstructions are daily means. Metrics in Table 5 (blue rows).

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