Image Details
Caption: Figure 4.
Potential evolutionary paths of TOI-6894 b. Upper two panels show results of the scenario with a flyby of a 150 au disk at a distance of 120 au (Figure 2(b)), and the lower two panels correspond to the scenario with a flyby of a 100 au disk at a distance of 90 au (Figure 2(b)). Left panels present contour maps of the final orbital radius of TOI-6894 b corresponding to the initial orbital radius and formation time of its protoplanet. The orange dashed contour marks the present-day semimajor axis of TOI-6894 b (0.026 au), and the red dashed contour indicates its estimated mass (0.168 MJ). Their intersection points (black star signs) indicate the most plausible initial condition of the protoplanet within the first-generation disk, whose growth and migration paths are depicted in the right-side panels, where the pink curves represent its evolution within the first-generation disk, followed by purple curves illustrating evolution within the second-generation disk. The red asterisk denotes the final state of TOI-6894 b. The time span between dots on the curves is 1 Myr. The gray and black dashed lines indicate the pebble isolation masses in the first- and second-generation disks, respectively.
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.