Image Details
Caption: Figure A2.
Evolution time required for planets with varying initial inclinations and orbital radii to achieve coplanarity with the gas disk in different disk systems. The first row corresponds to a central stellar mass of 0.1 M⊙, showing the distribution of evolutionary time for disk accretion rates of 2 × 10−9, 6 × 10−9, and 1 × 10−8 M⊙ yr−1. The second row represents a central stellar mass of 0.2 M⊙, displaying evolutionary time for the same disk accretion rates. The evolution time is indicated by different colors. The green dashed line denotes the 0.3 Myr isochrone.
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.