d/D distributions of lunar polar craters in the (a) north and (b) south polar regions. Craters are classified as Nc (normal craters), PSRs, Ct (cold traps), M³ (craters associated with M³-based ice detections; S. Li et al. 2018), and Ac (DFSAR anomalous craters; D. Putrevu et al. 2023). Craters where ice detections from both M³ and DFSAR coincide are highlighted in red. The mean d/D ratio calculated at 3° latitude bins is shown with black filled squares (please refer to Figure 1 for details). Dashed horizontal lines indicate a reference d/D value based on the mean at ∼62°N/S latitude. The error bars represent standard error in mean values.