Figure A1. The 6, 12, 18, 48, 24, and 72 hour training curves from

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Short-term Forecasting of Total Solar Irradiance from Solar Disk Images: A Hybrid Unsupervised Deep Learning Approach

Authors: Idowu Raji, Rafael Duarte Coelho dos Santos, Luis Eduardo Antunes Vieira, Alejandro C. Frery, Franciele Carlesso, Adriany Rodrigues Barbosa

Idowu Raji et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 286 .

Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure A1. The 6, 12, 18, 48, 24, and 72 hour training curves

The complete figure set (6 images) is available in the online journal.

Representative 6 hr TSI forecasts over the test period (2013 April 25– July 15): the proposed SOM–AE–LSTM (a), the persistence baseline (b), the AE–LSTM (c), the SOM–LSTM (d), and the LSTM (e).

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