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Short-term Forecasting of Total Solar Irradiance from Solar Disk Images: A Hybrid Unsupervised Deep Learning Approach

  • Authors: Idowu Raji, Rafael Duarte Coelho dos Santos, Luis Eduardo Antunes Vieira, Alejandro C. Frery, Franciele Carlesso, Adriany Rodrigues Barbosa

Idowu Raji et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 286 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 11.

SOM–AE–LSTM mean squared error (MSE) vs. forecast horizon. The gentle rise to 24 hr and the steep increase between 24 and 48 hr mark the boundary beyond which the information in a single input disk image no longer constrains the future disk, set by the timescale of solar rotation (Section 5.2).

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