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Detection of 2 MeV Spectral Bump and ∼40 MeV Emission Line from GRB 221009A

Authors: Zhi-Qiang Ding, Zhenxia Zhang, Yanqiu Zhang, Rui-Ze Shi, Xinqiao Li, Zhuo Li, Zhenghua An, Shaolin Xiong, Roberto Battiston, Shuangnan Zhang, Hua Feng, Dali Zhang, Yanbing Xu, Ping Wang, Xiaoyun Zhao, Yuqian Ma, Hong Lu, Xiangyang Wen, Yongjie Zhang, Xuhui Shen, Shigeng Yuan, Siquan Yang, Rongxue Kang, Chao Zheng, Yan Huang, Wen Su, Shengli Liu, Hui Wang, Xiaohua Liang, Jinzhou Wang, Ke Gong, Xiaojing Liu, Yaqing Liu, Sheng Yang, Zeren Zhima, Jianping Huang, Wei Chu, Na Zhou, Roberto Iuppa, Francesco Maria Follega, Marco Cristoforetti, Wangchen Xue, Lu Wang, Jiaqi Zheng, Jiacong Liu, Chenwei Wang, Wenjun Tan, Zhenghang Yu, Shujie Li, Hao Hong

Zhi-Qiang Ding et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 1012 .

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Caption: Figure F10.

Coordinate reference frames and internal configuration of the CSES-01 satellite and HEPP instruments. (a) Schematic of the CSES-01 satellite platform and its primary reference frame (x, y, z), where the +x-axis aligns with the flight direction, the −z-axis points toward the zenith, and the +y-axis completes the right-handed orthogonal system (facing the Sun). (b)–(c) Schematics of the HEPP-H (b) and HEPP-L (c) instruments; local coordinate systems are defined with x_H/L-axes parallel to the satellite x-axis frame and y_H/L- and z_H/L-axes rotated within the y–z plane by 20^∘ and 12^∘, respectively. (d) Cross-sectional view of the HEPP-H assembly illustrating the arrangement of DSSDs, PS trigger layer, CsI(Tl) crystals, and peripheral anticoincidence detectors. (e) 3D structural diagram of the calorimeter, comprising one PS and four CsI(Tl) layers coupled to PMTs for signal readout.

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