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Detection of 2 MeV Spectral Bump and ∼40 MeV Emission Line from GRB 221009A

Authors: Zhi-Qiang Ding, Zhenxia Zhang, Yanqiu Zhang, Rui-Ze Shi, Xinqiao Li, Zhuo Li, Zhenghua An, Shaolin Xiong, Roberto Battiston, Shuangnan Zhang, Hua Feng, Dali Zhang, Yanbing Xu, Ping Wang, Xiaoyun Zhao, Yuqian Ma, Hong Lu, Xiangyang Wen, Yongjie Zhang, Xuhui Shen, Shigeng Yuan, Siquan Yang, Rongxue Kang, Chao Zheng, Yan Huang, Wen Su, Shengli Liu, Hui Wang, Xiaohua Liang, Jinzhou Wang, Ke Gong, Xiaojing Liu, Yaqing Liu, Sheng Yang, Zeren Zhima, Jianping Huang, Wei Chu, Na Zhou, Roberto Iuppa, Francesco Maria Follega, Marco Cristoforetti, Wangchen Xue, Lu Wang, Jiaqi Zheng, Jiacong Liu, Chenwei Wang, Wenjun Tan, Zhenghang Yu, Shujie Li, Hao Hong

Zhi-Qiang Ding et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 1012 .

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Caption: Figure F6.

Statistical significance verification via MC simulations. Red points represent the distribution of ΔC-statistic values derived from synthetic datasets, while blue line correspond to the theoretical χ² distribution with three dof. The vertical black dashed line indicates the observed ΔC-statistic improvement obtained by adding the Gaussian component to the fit. Empirical p-values are calculated directly where the observed statistic falls within the simulated range. For observed values exceeding the simulated distribution, where direct computation is computationally prohibitive, an upper limit of p < 1/N is adopted, where N represents the number of simulations, alongside the theoretical significance. (a) Results for the interval T_ref + (242, 251) s. (b) Results for the interval T_ref + (246, 256) s.

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