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Impact of Clouds on the Atmosphere–Mantle Interface of Sub-Neptunes

  • Authors: Sagnick Mukherjee, Matthew C. Nixon, Luis Welbanks, James Mang, Nicholas F. Wogan, Natasha E. Batalha, Michael R. Line

Sagnick Mukherjee et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 1005 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 3.

Left panel: T(P) profiles of TOI-270 d for various atmospheric metallicities between 10× solar and 300× solar are shown as colored lines. The T(P) profile for the clear atmospheric model for each metallicity is shown with the dotted lines, and that for the cloudy models is shown with solid lines. All models are computed assuming fsed = 0.5. Middle panel: difference in temperature between the cloudy atmospheric model and the clear atmospheric model for each metallicity value. A positive value suggests that the cloudy model is hotter than the clear model at that pressure. Right panel: variation of the total cloud mass mixing ratio with metallicity. The mass mixing ratios of all individual gases are summed together to get the total cloud mass mixing ratio.

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