Image Details
Caption: Figure 8.
Normalized histograms showing the distribution of SMBH mass ratio q• (Equation (12)) calculated from inferred quantities M•−M﹩{}_{{\rm{b}},{\rm{\inf }}}﹩ (Equations (8) and (9)) and M•–σinf (Equation (11)) in light blue and M•–Mb and M•–σ in dark blue. Panels (a) and (c) use the N. J. McConnell & C.-P. Ma (2013) scaling relations and panels (b) and (d) use the J. Kormendy & L. C. Ho (2013) relations. The solid black line at q• = 0.25 divides major and minor SMBH mergers, and the relative fractions of major (fmajor) and minor (fminor) SMBH mergers predicted by each scaling relation are shown as percentages of the total close-pair sample. The K-S test statistic and p-values between the light and dark blue distributions are shown in the upper-right corners of each panel. M•−M﹩{}_{{\rm{b}},{\rm{\inf }}}﹩ predicts a greater fraction of major SMBH mergers than M•–Mb, while M•–σinf predicts a greater fraction of minor mergers than M•–σ.
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.