Image Details
Caption: Figure 4.
The radial E × B velocity at t = 4RNS/c in spherical FMS wave simulation sigma100. White arrows show the direction of flow in regions with Lorentz factor over a fixed threshold. Solid white lines are placed at ﹩\sin \theta =\pm 2/\sqrt{5}﹩, the angle at which the radial velocity is expected to change sign for the Bw · Bbg < 0 portion of the wave.
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.