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The JDISC Survey: Inner Disk Chemistry of Class I/FS Disks and Tentative Evidence for Early Pebble Drift

  • Authors: Ke Zhang, Andrea Banzatti, Colette Salyk, Abygail Waggoner, Klaus Pontoppidan, María José Colmenares, Ilaria Pascucci, Lucas A. Cieza, Miguel Vioque, Paola Pinilla, Geoffrey A. Blake, Joan Najita, Joe Williams, Sebastiaan Krijt, Till Kaeufer, Jane Huang, Feng Long, Chengyan Xie, Minjae Kim, Eshan Raul, Dary A. Ruíz-Rodríguez, Nicole Arulanantham, Benoît Tabone, Mayank Narang, Karina Mauco

Ke Zhang et al 2026 The Astronomical Journal 172 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 8.

Violin plots of molecular mass ratios for Class I/FS (i < 70; blue) and Class II (gray) disks. Top panel: mass ratios normalized to hot water. Bottom panel: mass ratios normalized to cold water. Individual sources are shown as points, with upper limits indicated by downward-pointing arrows. When normalized to hot water, the ratios of HCN, C2H2, and CO2 are similar between the two classes, but the cold-to-hot-water ratio is elevated in Class I/FS (median ﹩\mathrm{log}({M}_{{\rm{cold}}}/{M}_{{\rm{hot}}})=1.30﹩ vs. 0.63). When normalized to cold water, all ratios are systematically lower in Class I/FS, indicating that the chemical difference is driven by a cold water excess rather than a carbon-species deficit.

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