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The JDISC Survey: Inner Disk Chemistry of Class I/FS Disks and Tentative Evidence for Early Pebble Drift

  • Authors: Ke Zhang, Andrea Banzatti, Colette Salyk, Abygail Waggoner, Klaus Pontoppidan, María José Colmenares, Ilaria Pascucci, Lucas A. Cieza, Miguel Vioque, Paola Pinilla, Geoffrey A. Blake, Joan Najita, Joe Williams, Sebastiaan Krijt, Till Kaeufer, Jane Huang, Feng Long, Chengyan Xie, Minjae Kim, Eshan Raul, Dary A. Ruíz-Rodríguez, Nicole Arulanantham, Benoît Tabone, Mayank Narang, Karina Mauco

Ke Zhang et al 2026 The Astronomical Journal 172 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 1.

Comparison of stellar and disk properties between the Class I/FS (i < 70∘) and Class II samples. The horizontal bars show the median values of each group. The p-values shown are from a Mann–Whitney U test (also known as the Wilcoxon rank-sum test) comparing the distributions of each property between the two samples. This nonparametric test assesses whether the two classes are drawn from the same underlying distribution, with “ns” indicating nonsignificant (p > 0.05) and “*” indicating significant (p < 0.05) differences—only the dust disk radius (Rdust) shows a statistically significant difference between the two samples.

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