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TTV-not-so-fast: Uniqueness and Degeneracy in Perturbing Planet Parameters

  • Authors: Caleb Lammers, Joshua N. Winn

Caleb Lammers and Joshua N. Winn 2026 The Astronomical Journal 171 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 5.

Kepler-82. Top panel: χ2 vs. period ratio (Ndof  =  61). The 3:2 and 3:1 solutions provide the best fit to the data. Second panel: Planet b’s TTVs from Kepler and ground-based follow-up, as measured in this work. The red curve shows the best variant of the 3:2 solution (J. Freudenthal et al. 2019), and the blue curve shows the 3:1 solution. Third panel: Planet b’s residuals for the 3:2 solution (rms  =  9.1 minutes) and the 3:1 solution (rms  =  9.6 minutes). Fourth panel: Planet c’s TTVs, as measured from this work, along with the 3:2 and 3:1 models. Fifth panel: Planet c’s residuals for the 3:2 solution (rms  =  3.7 minutes) and the 3:1 solution (rms  =  4.2 minutes). The 3:2 solution provides a minor improvement, with Δχ2  =  10, but the timing uncertainties are likely to be underestimated. The differences are too slim to conclusively identify the correct solution.

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