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TTV-not-so-fast: Uniqueness and Degeneracy in Perturbing Planet Parameters

  • Authors: Caleb Lammers, Joshua N. Winn

Caleb Lammers and Joshua N. Winn 2026 The Astronomical Journal 171 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 3.

KOI-872. Top panel: χ2 vs. period ratio (Ndof  =  65). The 5:3 solution provides the best fit, although the 2:5, 5:2, and 3:5 solutions are also good. Second panel: TTVs from this work (Section 3.1). The gray curve is a GP model, used as a smooth interpolant to separate long- and short-timescale variations. Third panel: high-pass-filtered TTVs obtained by subtracting the GP. The red curve shows the best variant of the 5:3 solution (D. Nesvorný et al. 2012); the blue curve shows the 2:5 solution, which is second-best. Fourth panel: residuals of the 5:3 solution (rms  =  1.8 minutes) and the 2:5 solution (rms  =  4.2 minutes). Fifth panel: TDVs and predictions of the 5:3 and 2:5 models. By eye, it is difficult to declare a winner, although quantitatively, KOI-872’s TTV solution does appear unique.

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