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A Convolutional Neural Network–Transformer Denoiser for Low-signal-to-noise-ratio Galaxy Spectra: Stellar Population Recovery in Synthetic Tests

  • Authors: Suk Kim, Joon Hyeop Lee, Soo-Chang Rey

Suk Kim et al 2026 The Astronomical Journal 171 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 2.

Training (black) and validation (red) loss as a function of epoch. The losses decrease rapidly at early epochs and then approach a plateau; the minimum validation loss occurs at epoch 974. We adopt the corresponding checkpoint for subsequent analysis.

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