Mass bias (Equation (26)) as a function of galaxies’ number density n_gal under three different selection criterion ﹩{\nu }_{\mathrm{threshold}},{\nu }_{\mathrm{threshold}}=3.0﹩ (left), ν_threshold = 4.0 (middle), and ν_threshold = 5.0 (right). Large red circles show the results for the shear-selected samples, and small black circles show the results for the corresponding control samples that are selected based on noise-free ν_NFW instead of ν_obs to demonstrate that the bias is indeed caused by upscattering due to the noise. The positions of the control samples are slightly shifted rightward to avoid overlaps.