Normalized radiant distributions of meteoroid fluxes averaged throughout Venus’ orbit, as predicted by the DMZC for four populations in the sporadic background: the combined mass fluxes from JFCs and ASTs (panel (a)), HTCs (panel (b)), and OCCs (panel (c)). Panel (d) shows the overall radiant distributions after incorporating the relative mass contribution of each meteoroid population. The abscissa is the ecliptic longitude, λ, corrected by the subsolar terminator, and the ordinate represents the latitude, b, measured from Venus’ orbital plane.