Image Details
Caption: Figure 5.
Toomre diagram (Vϕ vs. ﹩\sqrt{{V}_{R}^{2}+{V}_{z}^{2}}﹩) of the clean samples ﹩{{ \mathcal S }}_{c}﹩ (blue dots) and ﹩{{ \mathcal S }}_{d}﹩ (magenta dots). The blue and red dashed circles indicate the kinematic boundaries of the thin disk and thick disk, respectively (P. Re Fiorentin et al. 2019).
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.