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Star Formation Drives Production of Low-energy Cosmic Rays

  • Authors: Ningyu Tang, Jiahao Liu, Di Li, Ruizhi Yang, Thomas G. Bisbas, Bing Liu, Marko Krčo, Paul Goldsmith, Paola Caselli, Sihan Jiao, Yan Gong, Gan Luo, Xinwen Shu, Liangchong Zhu, Xiaohui Sun, Chen Wang, Tao-Chung Ching, Donghui Quan, Junzhi Wang, Xuejian Jiang, Pei Zuo

Ningyu Tang et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 1005 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 7.

Derived H I abundance (upper panels) and gas temperatures (lower panels) for a variable-density slab (left panels) and a constant-density slab (right panels) using the 3D-PDR code (T. G. Bisbas et al. 2012). The left panels are a function of the nH number density, whereas the right panels are a function of the visual extinction, AV. For each case, four models were run: (1) UV intensity G0 = 10 with LECRIR of 1 × 10−20 s−1 (solid black lines); (2) UV intensity G0 = 103 with LECRIR of 1 × 10−20 s−1 (dashed black lines); (3) UV intensity G0 = 10 with LECRIR following the ﹩{ \mathcal H }﹩ function (M. Padovani et al. 2018b; solid blue lines); and (4) UV intensity G0 = 103 with LECRIR following the ﹩{ \mathcal H }﹩ function (M. Padovani et al. 2018b; dashed blue lines).

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