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The 36 GHz Class I Methanol Maser in NGC 4945: A Tracer of Active Galactic Nucleus-driven Outflow–Interstellar Medium Interaction

  • Authors: Xi Chen, Tian Yang, Shimin Song, Tiege McCarthy, Xiaoyun Xu, Simon Ellingsen, Shari Breen

Xi Chen et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 1002 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 3.

Kinematics of circumnuclear CO (2–1) molecular gas and association with methanol masers in NGC 4945. Panels (a) and (b): Integrated intensity (moment 0) and velocity dispersion (moment 2) maps of the CO(J = 2–1) line emission within velocity range of 420–560 km s−1 observed with ALMA. Panels (c) and (d): Same as panels (a) and (b) but for the 420–560 km s−1 gas component. These intervals match the distinct kinematic ranges of the maser spots in Complexes A, B, and C. Notably, only pixels with integrated intensity >3σ are shown to avoid noise-dominated regions. The green contours representing the integrated intensity of the CO components are in levels of 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80  Jy beam−1 km s−1. The 36.2 GHz Class I methanol masers are overlaid as colored circles (identical to the convention used in Figure 1). For reference, the contours of the blueshifted and redshifted CO (J = 3–2) outflow lobes (as traced by the line wings in Figure 2) are overlaid on panels (a) and (c).

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