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CAPERS-LRD-z9: A Gas-enshrouded Little Red Dot Hosting a Broad-line Active Galactic Nucleus at z = 9.288

  • Authors: Anthony J. Taylor, Vasily Kokorev, Dale D. Kocevski, Hollis B. Akins, Fergus Cullen, Mark Dickinson, Steven L. Finkelstein, Pablo Arrabal Haro, Volker Bromm, Mauro Giavalisco, Kohei Inayoshi, Stéphanie Juneau, Gene C. K. Leung, Pablo G. Pérez-González, Rachel S. Somerville, Jonathan R. Trump, Ricardo O. Amorín, Guillermo Barro, Denis Burgarella, Madisyn Brooks, Adam C. Carnall, Caitlin M. Casey, Yingjie Cheng, John Chisholm, Katherine Chworowsky, Kelcey Davis, Callum T. Donnan, James S. Dunlop, Richard S. Ellis, Vital Fernández, Seiji Fujimoto, Norman A. Grogin, Ansh R. Gupta, Nimish P. Hathi, Intae Jung, Michaela Hirschmann, Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe, Anton M. Koekemoer, Rebecca L. Larson, Ho-Hin Leung, Mario Llerena, Ray A. Lucas, Derek J. McLeod, Ross McLure, Lorenzo Napolitano, Casey Papovich, Thomas M. Stanton, Roberta Tripodi, Xin Wang, Stephen M. Wilkins, L. Y. Aaron Yung, Jorge A. Zavala

Anthony J. Taylor et al 2025 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 989 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 5.

Black hole mass to stellar mass ratio ﹩{\mathrm{log}}\,\left({M}_{{\rm{BH}}}/{M}_{* }\right)﹩ as a function of redshift for CAPERS-LRD-z9 (red star) and a collection of literature JWST-detected AGN (Y. Harikane et al. 2023; D. D. Kocevski et al. 2023, 2025; V. Kokorev et al. 2023, 2024a; R. L. Larson et al. 2023; Á. Bogdán et al. 2024; L. J. Furtak et al. 2024; I. Labbe et al. 2024; R. Maiolino et al. 2024; L. Napolitano et al. 2024; R. Tripodi et al. 2024; H. Übler et al. 2024; B. Wang et al. 2025; M. Yue et al. 2024b; H. B. Akins et al. 2025a; I. Juodžbalis et al. 2025), showing the published errors, typically exclusive of systematic uncertainties. We divide the literature-selected samples into those selected based on a broad Hα line (purple points), a broad Hβ line (pink points), and based on UV line or X-ray detections (yellow points). We plot the statistical errors on CAPERS-LRD-z9 as the black error bars, and we include a larger systematic range on ﹩{\mathrm{log}}\,\left({M}_{{\rm{BH}}}/{M}_{* }\right)﹩ based on the systematic limits on the black hole mass of CAPERS-LRD-z9 as a gray dashed line and upward-pointing arrows. We stress that as our M* measurement is an upper limit, all of our measurements of MBH/M* are lower limits. We plot the MBH/M* = 0.1% value for local galaxies as a black dashed line. For comparison, we overlay the predicted evolution of MBH/M* ratios from early black hole populations formed via two distinct seeding channels: heavy seeds (red shaded region) and light seeds (blue shaded region), based on the semianalytical model presented in H. Hu et al. (2025). The population of JWST-detected AGN exhibits an apparent overmassiveness in this ratio compared to the local relation.

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