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Comprehensive Magnetohydrodynamic Modeling of 10 Successive Coronal Mass Ejections Driving a Historic Geomagnetic Storm—the 2024 Mother’s Day Event

  • Authors: Shirsh Lata Soni, Anwesha Maharana, Sanchita Pal, Stefaan Poedts

Shirsh Lata Soni et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal 1007 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure A2.

Multiepoch SDO/AIA 171 Å observations illustrating the sequence of 10 successive coronal mass ejection (CME) source-region eruptions (CME1–CME9) from NOAA Active Regions 13664 and 13668 during 2024 May 8–11. Each panel shows the low-coronal morphology at the onset of eruption, highlighting the evolving magnetic architecture, including bright postflare arcades, twisted coronal loops, and filament-channel structures associated with each CME. The timestamps at the top of each panel indicate the observation time (UT) at the initiation of the respective event. The blue solid lines mark the inferred primary orientation or propagation axis of the erupting magnetic structure, serving as a proxy for the projected direction and tilt of the pre-eruptive flux system. The sequence reveals progressive structural complexity and repeated destablization of the same active region, suggesting the buildup and release of magnetic energy through successive reconnection episodes.

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