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Observational and Dynamical Constraints on an Unseen Outer Perturber in the GJ 436 Hot Neptune System

  • Authors: Haedam Im, 해담 임, Tiger Lu, 均 陆, Malena Rice, Quang H. Tran, Gongjie Li, Smadar Naoz

Haedam Im et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal 1003 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 7.

Distribution of spin–orbit angles ΨAb for simulations that plausibly reproduce the present-day orbit (1 <tHN < 10 Gyr) among the 18,000 simulations. The green shaded region indicates the 3σ confidence interval for the observed spin–orbit angle ﹩{{\rm{\Psi }}}_{\mathrm{Ab}}=103.^\circ {2}_{-11.^\circ 5}^{+12.^\circ 6}﹩ (V. Bourrier et al. 2022).

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