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Observational and Dynamical Constraints on an Unseen Outer Perturber in the GJ 436 Hot Neptune System

  • Authors: Haedam Im, 해담 임, Tiger Lu, 均 陆, Malena Rice, Quang H. Tran, Gongjie Li, Smadar Naoz

Haedam Im et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal 1003 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 6.

Number of plausible simulations vs. initial mutual inclination Imut,i for three initial semimajor axes ab,i = 0.3 au (red), 1 au (orange), and 5 au (blue). None of the simulations initialized with Imut,i = 45° and very few initialized with ab,i = 0.3 au plausibly reproduce the present-day orbit.

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