Image Details
Caption: Figure 4.
All-particle CR spectra for Models A, B, C, and D. Each panel displays the predicted flux J(E) for nuclei up to Z = 40 (solid curve) and the corresponding measurements from LHAASO (Z. Cao et al. 2024), the Pierre Auger Observatory (V. Verzi 2019; P. Abreu et al. 2021), KASCADE-Grande (M. Bertaina et al. 2015), IceCube/IceTop (M. G. Aartsen et al. 2019), Tibet ASγ (M. G. Aartsen et al. 2019), Tunka (N. M. Budnev et al. 2020), HAWC (R. Alfaro et al. 2017), NUCLEON (R. Alfaro et al. 2017), and KASCADE (C. Evoli 2020). Model definitions and parameters are given in Sections 3.2–3.1.2 and Tables 1–3.
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.