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A Clearer View of HAT-P-1 b: JWST NIRSpec G395H Reveals Water, Carbon Dioxide, and Possibly Hydrogen Sulfide

  • Authors: Reza Ashtari, Stephen P. Schmidt, Guangwei Fu, Avinash Verma, David K. Sing, Kevin B. Stevenson, Jayesh Goyal, Katherine A. Bennett, Joshua D. Lothringer, Jacob Lustig-Yaeger, Sagnick Mukherjee, Carlos Gascón, Natalie H. Allen, Patrick McCreery, Le-Chris Wang, Mei Ting Mak, Kristin S. Sotzen, Lakeisha M. Ramos Rosado, N. J. Mayne

Reza Ashtari et al 2026 The Astronomical Journal 172 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 5.

Overlaid posterior distributions from the primary POSEIDON retrieval and the independent SANSAR retrieval for a subset of shared free chemistry parameters. One- and two-dimensional marginalized posteriors are shown for the reference planetary radius Rp,ref, reference atmospheric temperature Tref, cloud-top pressure Pcloud, and VMRs of H2O, CH4, CO2, CO, and H2S. Blue contours and histograms correspond to POSEIDON, while orange contours and histograms correspond to SANSAR. Values shown along the diagonal give the posterior medians and 1σ values. Both retrieval frameworks recover consistent H2O, CO2, and H2S abundances, while showing modest offsets in Rp,ref and Tref, reflecting differences in the forward-model implementations, prior choices, and retrieval assumptions. The cloud-top pressure posteriors are broad and not tightly constrained in either retrieval, with POSEIDON favoring lower pressures than SANSAR but both frameworks showing substantial uncertainty, consistent with the weak evidence for clouds.

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