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Parabolic Jets from the Spinning Black Hole in M87

  • Authors: Masanori Nakamura, Keiichi Asada, Kazuhiro Hada, Hung-Yi Pu, Scott Noble, Chihyin Tseng, Kenji Toma, Motoki Kino, Hiroshi Nagai, Kazuya Takahashi, Juan-Carlos Algaba, Monica Orienti, Kazunori Akiyama, Akihiro Doi, Gabriele Giovannini, Marcello Giroletti, Mareki Honma, Shoko Koyama, Rocco Lico, Kotaro Niinuma, and Fumie Tazaki

2018 The Astrophysical Journal 868 146.

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 16.

Distribution of Γβ as a function of the jet axial distance z (deprojected with M = 6.2 × 109 M and θv = 14°) from the SMBH in units of rg. The data of proper motions are taken from the literature (Reid et al. 1989; Biretta et al. 1995, 1999; Kellermann et al. 2004; Cheung et al. 2007; Kovalev et al. 2007; Ly et al. 2007; Giroletti et al. 2012; Meyer et al. 2013; Asada et al. 2014; Hada et al. 2016; Mertens et al. 2016; Hada et al. 2017, labeled as R89, B95, B99, K04, C07, K07, L07, G12, M13, A14, H16, M16, and H17, respectively). Theoretical expectation by utilizing the FFE parabolic (z ∝ R1.8) jet solutions (NMF07; TMN08) is also displayed with varying Kerr parameters (a = 0.5: dotted line; a = 0.7: dashed line; a = 0.9: triple-dot-dashed line; a = 0.99: solid line). The vertical solid line with horizontal bars (cyan) indicates a range of maximum values in the jet sheath (between two outermost streamlines: z ∝ R2 and z ∝ R1.6), which are obtained in our GRMHD simulations at rout = 100rg (a = 0.5–0.99; see Figure 12). For our reference, the maximum value in McKinney (2006, labeled as M06) with a = 0.9375 is marked with a filled star. Also, the vertical solid line with horizontal bars (black) indicates a range of maximum values in Penna et al. (2013, labeled as P13) with a = 0.7–0.98. The horizontal gray line corresponds to Γβ with ﹩\beta =\cos {\theta }_{{\rm{v}}}﹩, at which the Doppler beaming has a peak (see also Figure 18).

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