Image Details
Caption: Figure 1.
(a) Solar wind proton (labeled H+) and (b) planetary oxygen ion density distribution in the y = 0 plane, and (c) solar wind proton and (d) planetary oxygen ion distribution in the z = 0 plane, in the VSE frame. The spatial resolution is 100 km. E0 shows the direction of the convection electric field.
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.