Side-looking simulation results for Cases 1–4. Scene extent is ∼100 × 100 m². Images are shown in delay-Doppler coordinates, with range and azimuth resolution set to emulate a 5 m² pixel size. For each case, we display a CPR radar image, the CPR averaged across each range row, an m-χ radar image, and the m-χ decomposition averaged across each range row. The m-χ intensities are normalized in dB within each channel to enable cross-channel comparison.