Evolution of nominal-composition cases across the full range of fO₂ and tidal power densities simulated (see Section 2.3). Panel (A): stages in a planet’s lifetime after model initialization. Dotted lines trace cumulative tidal heat dissipation; marker size increases with total dissipated energy. Solid lines indicate tidally supported GRE states; black vertical bars (∣) mark t_{V MR}. Crosses (×) denote solidification, defined at ϕ < 0.005. Panel (B): volume mixing ratios of volatiles at t_{V MR}. White numbers show corresponding ﹩{\mathrm{log}}_{10}﹩ total surface pressure [bar].