Probability of the Monte Carlo model runs reaching a final surface temperature of 400 K or higher. Similar to Figure 6, except showing the effect of albedo for planets with Earth-like and Venus-like hypsometry and instellation. Blue shades denote Earth-like planets, and orange shades denote Venus-like planets. Lighter shades of each color represent surface-dependent water ingassing, with darker shades representing mass-dependent water ingassing. Dashed lines represent models with α = 0.65 for both Earth and Venus-like planets. Earth-like planets with higher albedo require less water to ensure balanced carbon cycles and retain habitable climates. However, Venus-like planets with high albedo and mass-dependent water ingassing show probabilities similar to Earth-like planets with modern albedo (α = 0.3). Surface-dependent water cycles on Venus-like planets require more water to maintain temperate surface temperatures, potentially explaining the Earth–Venus dichotomy if Venus were ever habitable.