Image Details
Caption: Figure 7.
Electron-access energy maps of Europa, following T. A. Nordheim et al. (2018). At each surface coordinate, these maps indicate the range of incident-electron energies able to reach that location. (a) Lower bound of that accessible energy range on the leading hemisphere. (b) The corresponding upper bound on the trailing hemisphere.
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.