Image Details
Caption: Figure 11.
Energy-deposition diagnostics for electron bombardment simulations of Europa’s leading hemisphere. Panels (a)–(d) show the corresponding escaped-energy fractions carried by electrons, while panels (e)–(h) show the same quantities carried by photons; within each set, the panels give total escaped, backscattered, lateral-escape, and forward-escape fractions, respectively.
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.