Image Details
Caption: Figure 3.
Distributions of the median relative magnification factors and time delays obtained from EM observations for the source–lens galaxy systems within the localized sky area of each double-image case. The blue and green dashed lines indicate the constrained boundaries of μrel,GW and ΔtGW inferred from the observed lensed GW signals. Blue dots represent lensing systems consistent with the μrel,GW constraint, while gray dots denote the systems inconsistent with either constraint. Note that no systems are consistent with only the ΔtGW constraint because the GW time delays are tightly constrained. Magenta stars indicate systems consistent with both μrel,GW and ΔtGW. The inset highlights the error bars on μrel,EM and ΔtEM. For the lowest (highest) ρmean cases, five (one) systems remain consistent with the two GW observables.
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.