Bifrost model atmosphere and synthetic spectral profiles. Top row: vertical component of magnetic field (B_z; left), where white and black refer to positive and negative polarities, respectively; temperature (T; middle), and vertical component of velocity (V_z; right) at a height of 150 km above the photosphere. Second row from top: spatially convolved synthetic images derived from the Bifrost model atmosphere. Middle row: zoom-in for the EB region highlighted in top panels (see yellow box). Bottom two rows: convolved synthetic spectra and stratification of magnetic field, temperature, and vertical velocity at the EB location (red cross) and a nearby reference location (black cross) marked in the middle panels.