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Planetesimal Formation under Realistic Gas Dynamics: Dust Concentration in Turbulent and Windy Protoplanetary Disks

  • Authors: Pinghui Huang, Xue-Ning Bai

Pinghui Huang and Xue-Ning Bai 2026 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 1010 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 3.

From top to bottom and left to right, the panels show: the temporal evolution of the radially averaged 〈α〉R (Equation (18)); the temporal evolution of the maximum dust–gas density ratio, ﹩{\rm{\max }}{({\rho }_{{\rm{d}}}/{\rho }_{{\rm{g}}})}_{R,z}﹩, where the maxima are computed within R ∈ [3, 10] and ﹩z\in [-{z}_{{\rm{tr}}},\,{z}_{{\rm{tr}}}]﹩; the temporal evolution of the radially averaged dust–gas scale-height ratio, ﹩{\langle {H}_{{\rm{d}}}/{H}_{{\rm{g}}}\rangle }_{R}﹩ (Equation (19)); and the radially averaged dust–gas ratio in the midplane, ﹩{\langle {({\rho }_{{\rm{d}}}/{\rho }_{{\rm{g}}})}_{{\rm{midplane}}}\rangle }_{R}﹩ within R ∈ [3, 10].

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