Image Details
Caption: Figure B1.
Instability onset times as a function of ejection granularity. Each point is one realization’s instability onset (circles: ejections throughout the giant-branch phases; squares: AGB-only; leftward triangles: systems already unstable during the mass-loss epoch), from the 48-seed grid of 3 Gyr integrations; fractions at right give unstable/integrated counts. As Mej grows, the distribution both fills in (higher total instability) and slants toward earlier onsets, terminating at fiducial Mej in a substantial population that never survives the mass loss at all. The gray curve traces the earliest onset at each Mej.
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.