Temporal evolution of GS 1 in Figure 2(b). (a)–(i) Nine TiO images display the evolution process of GS 1 from appearance to disappearance. Green contours in panels (a)–(c) indicate a granule before the appearance of GS 1, which is indicated by red contours in panels (d)–(g). In panels (g)–(i), four yellow arrows indicate the surrounding granules that extrude into GS 1, and one black arrow indicates a newly emerging granule close to GS 1. (j)–(l) The SDO/HMI photospheric continuum image, temperature map, and Dopplergram observed almost simultaneously with the TiO image in panel (e). The temperature map is obtained by fitting a Planck function to the HMI continuum intensity in panel (j). An animation showing GS 1 evolution from 2025 May 22 01:44:54 to 01:56:54 UT is available. The real-time duration of this animation is 2 s.

(An animation of this figure is available in the online article.)

(An animation of this figure is available.)

The video/animation of this figure is available in the online journal.