Temporal evolution of the energy transfer channels during the nonlinear stage of the KHI. Panels (a) and (b) show the spatially averaged parallel and perpendicular components of the electromagnetic work, ﹩\left\langle {J}_{\parallel }{E}_{\parallel }\right\rangle ﹩ and 〈J_⊥E_⊥〉, respectively, for electrons (blue) and ions (red), separately in the LS (solid lines) and US (dashed lines). Panels (c) and (d) show the time-integrated cumulative contributions for electrons and ions, respectively: ∫J  ·  E dt, ∫Π: D dt, and ∫pθ dt, normalized to the initial total energy E_tot,0.