Image Details
Caption: Figure 1.
The observed projected obliquity distribution of hot Jupiters (HJs; with mass >1 MJup) around single stars (with mass >0.5 M⊙). The final semimajor axes of the planets (af = a[1 − e2]) are shown on the x-axis, and their projected obliquities are shown on the y-axis. The colors show the eccentricities of the planets. In general, planets on close-in orbits (af < 0.06 au) have low eccentricities (e ∼ 0.1) and a broad range of projected obliquities (0 < λ < 180°). Meanwhile, planets on wider orbits (af > 0.06 au) tend to be more eccentric (e ∼ 0.3) and have a narrow range of obliquities (λ < 50°).
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.