Image Details
Caption: Figure 15.
Maximum single-cycle jump in the Kozai constant, ﹩{\rm{\max }}| {\rm{\Delta }}{C}_{{\rm{K}}}| ﹩ (35), versus ﹩({P}_{{\rm{out}}}/{P}_{{\rm{\sec }}})/{j}_{{\rm{\min }}}^{{\rm{DA}}}﹩ for two strong-tide families (circles and squares; tidal strength εTide and outer eccentricity e2 as labeled), each scanned over the inner-orbit inclination through jz (both signs). Color encodes ∣jz∣, and the legend lists the corresponding DA minimum angular momentum ﹩{j}_{{\rm{\min }}}^{{\rm{DA}}}﹩; all systems have CK = 10−6, Ω = 180∘, and pure tidal short-range forcing (εGR = εRot = 0), isolating the tidal-bulge effect. The dashed line is ∣ΔCK∣ = 5/2.
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.