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Short-range Forces Can Catalyze Extreme Orbital Evolution in Hierarchical Triples

  • Authors: Ygal Y. Klein, Chris Hamilton

Ygal Y. Klein and Chris Hamilton 2026 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 1007 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 1.

Four dynamical regimes of the test-particle quadrupole ZLK problem (assuming ∣jz∣ ≪ 1). The columns separate the averaging level used (DA on the left; SA on the right), and the rows separate the physics included (no SRFs on top; SRFs on the bottom). Each panel sketches the inner-binary eccentricity e(t) over several secular cycles. Quadrants 1, 2, and 3 represent integrable or near-integrable problems that are well understood (semi)analytically. The focus of this Letter is the fourth quadrant—SA + SRFs—wherein adiabatic invariance is completely broken.

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