Image Details
Caption: Figure 13.
The direct N-body (SPACEHUB) evolution of the same BBH–SMBH triple as in Figure 2 (Section 3.1), integrated with 1 pN GR precession switched on (red; the only SRF in this system) and off (blue), with all other parameters held fixed. Panels show (a) ﹩{\mathrm{log}}_{10}(1-e)﹩, (b) CK, and (c) jz versus ﹩\tau =t/{P}_{{\rm{\sec }}}﹩; the horizontal dashed lines in panel (a) mark the double-averaged ﹩{e}_{{\rm{\max }}}﹩ ceilings (no-GR, blue; +GR, red), and the horizontal dashed line in panel (c) marks jz = 0.
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.