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A 14-yr-old Mystery: The Peculiar Case of the Engine-driven SN 2012ap

  • Authors: Itai Sfaradi, Raffaella Margutti, Ryan Chornock, Nayana A. J., Eli Wiston, Fabio De Colle, Tracy E. Clarke, Wendy M. Peters, Paz Beniamini, Wenbin Lu, Rodolfo Barniol Duran, Michael Bietenholz, Collin T. Christy, Deanne L. Coppejans, Maria R. Drout, Dina Ibrahimzade, Michał J. Michałowski, Dan Milisavljevic, Conor M. B. Omand, Yihan Wang, Kate D. Alexander, Carles Badenes, Joe Bright, Jonathan Granot, Erica Hammerstein, W. V. Jacobson-Galán, Natalie LeBaron, Kohta Murase, Gitika Rameshan, Huei Sears, Michael Stroh, Giacomo Terreran

Itai Sfaradi et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 1005 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 7.

The ratio of the energy in the relativistic electrons, ϵe, over the energy in the magnetic fields, ϵB, vs. the position of the cooling break frequency, νc, for different cooling times, tcool. For reference, we plot in dashed vertical lines the position of the cooling break inferred in the millimeter bands, and the position of the X-ray band. This analysis implies that extreme ϵe/ϵB ratios are needed in order to reconcile the position of the cooling frequency with the naive extrapolation of the radio SEDs to the X-ray band (as can be seen in Figure 3).

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