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A 14-yr-old Mystery: The Peculiar Case of the Engine-driven SN 2012ap

  • Authors: Itai Sfaradi, Raffaella Margutti, Ryan Chornock, Nayana A. J., Eli Wiston, Fabio De Colle, Tracy E. Clarke, Wendy M. Peters, Paz Beniamini, Wenbin Lu, Rodolfo Barniol Duran, Michael Bietenholz, Collin T. Christy, Deanne L. Coppejans, Maria R. Drout, Dina Ibrahimzade, Michał J. Michałowski, Dan Milisavljevic, Conor M. B. Omand, Yihan Wang, Kate D. Alexander, Carles Badenes, Joe Bright, Jonathan Granot, Erica Hammerstein, W. V. Jacobson-Galán, Natalie LeBaron, Kohta Murase, Gitika Rameshan, Huei Sears, Michael Stroh, Giacomo Terreran

Itai Sfaradi et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 1005 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 4.

Physical parameters inferred from the fits of the individual SEDs and the SSA analysis (see Section 5.1.1). The top left panel shows the temporal evolution of the radius, and the top right panel presents the energy-velocity profile. The bottom left panel is for the density profile; also plotted for reference are lines of equal mass-loss rate assuming a wind velocity of 1000 km s−1. In the bottom right panel, we present the density of the CSM at R = 6 × 1017 cm derived from the late-time radio SEDs for different values of ϵB while keeping a constant ratio of ϵe/ϵB = 0.1 (blue stripe). We also plot the density at R = 6 × 1017 cm derived from the analysis of the X-ray emission using an FS model (dotted line) and an RS model (dashed line). This is discussed in detail in Section 5.1.2. The analysis presented in the bottom right panel was used to determine ϵB ≃ 10−2 and ϵe ≃ 10−3 in our SSA analysis (the results of this are shown in the other three panels).

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